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Objective:To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound shear wave dispersion (SWD) imaging in assessing the hepatic inflammation activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:Fifty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B who underwent liver biopsy in Peking University Third Hospital and Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2020 to December 2021 were prospectively enrolled.Liver stiffness (LS) and shear wave dispersion slope (SWDS) were measured by SWD imaging in all participants. Baseline data and laboratory indexes of liver function were collected.Liver inflammation grading(G0-G4) and fibrosis staging (S0-S4) were determined by pathological examination. The relationship between SWDS and various indicators was analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. The participants were grouped according to the pathological grading of hepatic inflammatory activity. The differences of various indexes among three groups were compared, and the correlations between SWDS, LS and laboratory indicators and hepatic inflammatory activity were analyzed. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performances of ultrasound and laboratory indicators for hepatic inflammation activity, and the diagnostic accuracy of different indicators was compared by Delong test.Results:Inflammation and fibrosis were both independent affecting factors of SWDS (all P<0.05); there were significant differences in alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), LS and SWDS among groups with different inflammatory activities (all P<0.05). The SWDS and LS of the G3 and G2 groups were statistically higher than those of the G1 group (all P<0.001). ALT was only significantly different between G1 group and G2 group ( P<0.05), and AST was only significantly different between G1 group and G3 group ( P<0.05); The SWDS and LS showed strongly positive correlation ( rs=0.728, P<0.001) and moderately positive correlation ( rs=0.679, P<0.001) with hepatic inflammatory activity, respectively; while the correlations between ALT, AST and hepatic inflammatory activity were weaker( rs=0.376, P<0.05; rs=0.485, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of SWDS for diagnosing hepatic inflammation ≥G2 grade were 0.965, 0.933 and 0.865, respectively. Conclusions:SWDS has certain value in evaluating the hepatic inflammatory activity of ≥G2 grade in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Objective@#To investigate the value of serum hepcidin in assessment of liver inflammation activity among patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ), so as to provide insights into the assessment of liver inflammation activity among CHB patients.@*Methods@#A total of 79 CHB patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were selected as the experimental group, while 40 healthy volunteers were randomly sampled as controls. Subjects'demographic data, liver function tests and iron metabolism parameters were collected from medical records, and serum hepcidin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). In addition, ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed in CHB patients, and mild and moderate-to-severe CHB were classified according to liver inflammation activity and degree of liver fibrosis. Serum hepcidin levels were compared between the experimental and control groups and between patients with mild and moderate-to-severe CHB. The value of serum hepcidin in assessment of liver inflammation activity was examined among CHB patients using the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis.@*Results@#Subjects in the experimental group included 54 men ( 68.35% ) and had a mean age of ( 39.06±10.67 ) years, while the controls included 24 men (60.00%) and had a mean age of ( 42.43±11.44 ) years. Lower hepcidin levels were measured in the experimental group than in the control group [( 11.70±5.64 ) vs. ( 17.82±3.63 ) μg/L; P<0.05 ]. There were 54 patients with mild CHB ( 68.35% ) and 25 cases with moderate-to-severe CHB ( 31.65% ), and lower hepcidin levels were detected in patients with moderate-to-severe CHB than in those with mild CHB [ ( 6.92±2.21 ) vs. ( 13.95±5.36 ) μg/L; P<0.05 ]. The area under the ROC curve, optimal cut-off, sensitivity and specificity of serum hepcidin were 0.903 ( P<0.05 ), 10.365 μg/L, 100.0% and 72.2% for assessment of moderate-to-severe CHB, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Serum hepcidin is feasible to evaluate the liver inflammatory activity among patients with CHB.
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Objective: Mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits and leaves have been proven to possess nutraceutical properties. Due to its fast and easy growing characteristics, mulberry fruits (MF) and leaves (ML) potentially emerge as a great source of functional foods. This study aims to enhance bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic activity) of MF and ML via submerged fermentation using bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum TAR 4), yeast (Baker's yeast and red yeast) and fungi (Tempeh and Tapai starter). Methods: In this study, 25% (mass to volume ratio) of MF and ML were fermented (48 h) with 1% (mass to volume ratio) of different microbial cultures, respectively. Effects of different fermentations on MF and ML were determined based on the changes of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins, total sugar, DPPH activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), albumin denaturation inhibition activity (ADI), anti-lipoxygenase activity and α-amylase inhibition activity (AI). Results: Generally, ML had higher AI than MF. However, MF exhibited higher DPPH, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity than ML. After all forms of fermentation, DPPH and AI activity of MF and ML were increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the effects of fermentation on TPC, FRAP, ADI and anti-lipoxygenase activity of MF were in contrast with ML. TPC, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity of ML were enhanced, but reduced in MF after fermentation. Although the effects exerted by different microorganisms in MF and ML fermentation were different, the bioactivities of MF and ML were generally improved after fermentation. Fermentation by Tempeh starter enhanced TPC (by 2-fold), FRAP (by 2.3-fold), AI (at 10% increment) and anti-lipoxygenase activity (by 5-fold) of ML, whereas Tapai fermentation effectively enhanced the DPPH (at 17% increment) and ADI (by 2-fold) activity of MF. Conclusion: Findings of this study provide an insight into the future process design of MF and ML processing into novel functional foods.
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Iridoid compounds have wild variety, including ordinary, split ring, dipolymer, and other types, which are found in various genus of the Rubiaceae widely. It has the functions of antitumor, antidepression, anti-inflammation and cell protection, etc. This paper reviews the research progress of iridoid compounds in plants from Rubiaceae, which provides theoretical supports for the application breakthrough of chemical constituents.
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Objective To study the anti-inflammatory constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Iris scariosa and I. bloudowii. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, ODS, and sephadex LH-20), RP-preparative TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR). The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated by the inhibition against NO production in lipopolysaeeharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results Five compounds including tectoridin (1), iridin (2), nigricin 4’-O-β-D-glucoside (3), neomangiferin (4), and mangiferin (5) were isolated and identified from the roots and rhizomes of I. scariosa. Besides, seven compounds, nigricin4’-O-β-D-glucoside (3), nigricin (6), nigricanin (7), 5,5’-dihydroxy-3’,4’-dimethoxy-6,7- methylenedioxyisoflavone (8), nigricanin-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), irifloside (10), and nigricin-4’-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1’’’→6″)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (11) were isolated and identified from the roots and rhizomes of I. bloudowii. Compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and previously reported chemical constituents of I. scariosa irigenin and irilone could inhibit NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages to some extent. Conclusion Compounds 1-5 are isolated from I. scariosa and compounds 4 and 6-11 are isolated from I. bloudowii for the first time, respectively. The results of bioactivity assays indicated that compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and other two compounds irigenin and irilone isolated and purified from I. scariosa earlier are potential anti-inflammation agents.
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Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)DWI in the inflammation activity of chronic hepatitis B. Methods One hundred and seventy-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were prospectively collected as inflammation group, and 15 healthy volunteers with no history of hepatitis and normal liver function as control group.All subjects were performed MR plan scans for liver and IVIM tests.The liver apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),the diffusion coefficient of the true water molecule (D), microcirculation perfusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) were measured. After MRI examination, the inflammation group received liver biopsy within two days, and obtained the pathological hepatitis activity grades.According to the degree of inflammation activity(G),the inflammation group was divided into G1,G2 and G3+G4 groups.The independent sample t test was used for the parameter values between the inflammation group and the control group.A single factor variance analysis was used to compare the parameters among different levels of inflammation group. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between inflammation activity grades and IVIM parameters.ROC curve was used to evaluate each parameter in the diagnosis of hepatitis activity pathology classification efficiency.Results The values of ADC, D, D*, f between control group and inflammation group were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of pathological puncture showed that there were 61 cases of G1,62 cases of G2 level and 52 cases of G3+G4.The ADC,D*and f values in the G1,G2,G3+G4 groups decreased with the increase of the level of inflammation activity, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between D values (P>0.05). ADC, D* and f values were correlated negatively with low,moderate and low levels of inflammation activity(r=-0.377,-0.434,-0.226, P<0.05).There was no correlation between D value and inflammation activity(r=-0.076,P>0.05).Areas of ADC,D*and ADC combined with D*values under ROC curves to diagnose≥G2 grade inflammation activity were 0.732, 0.748, 0.837 respectively. Areas of f values under ROC curve to diagnose ≥G3+G4 grade inflammation activity was 0.600.Conclusion ADC and D*values help to identify≥G2 grade inflammation activity,and ADC combined with D*value has the highest diagnostic performance,and has certain reference value for clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis of anti-inflammation effect of Uygur medicine Hyssopus cuspidatus. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to establish the fingerprint of 8 extracts with different po-larities. Using macrophage RAW264.7 as object,the inhibitory effect of extracts with different polarities on inflammatory factor ni-tric oxide(NO),TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture medium was detected,the differences of anti-inflammatory activity in vitro were compared. Grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of peak area of common peaks and anti-inflammation activity. RESULTS:The fingerprint of 8 extracts with different polarities showed obvious differences. Anti-inflammation in vitro results suggested that 30% ethanol extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines in vitro. There were 14 common peaks in the established HPLC fingerprints,the 5 common peaks that was closely related to the in-hibitory effect of inflammatory factors in vitro were peak 8,6,5,10,13,respectively;peak 8 was rosmarinic acid. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint and its spectrum-effect relationship with anti-inflammation activity in vitro can provide certain reference for its pharmacodynanic material basis study.
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Callicarpa nudiflora is the genuine medicinal material in Hainan province, and is successfully approved as a new variety in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Based on a detailed investigation on the literature reports at home and abroad from 1996 to 2016, we have found that the principal chemical constituents were recognized as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, diterpenoids, iridoids, sterols, etc. The biological activities of chemical constituents from C. nudiflora were mainly studied on the hemostasis, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, immune-strengthening, and cytotoxic activities. The present paper systematically summarized the previously phytochemical work of C. nudiflora, and the biological activities were also reviewed briefly. The current paper provides the references for the further quality control, pharmacological action study, and utilization of this medicinal plant.
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Munronia Wight has been widely used in folk of China. Due to the rich content of limonoid, this genus has always been a hot research topic. So, many researches on phytochemistry and pharmacology of this genus have been carried out over the past 20 years. In this paper, the systematic classification, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of plants from Munronia Wight have been summarized. It may provide the reference for the further studies of this genus.
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Frankincense, the gum resin from the plants in Boswellia Roxb. ex Colebr. or the other plants belonging to Burseraceae, has a long history as a medicine in China. The investigations on the pharmacological effects of the resin have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, antisepsis, antitumor effects, etc. This article classifies and summarizes the preparation methods, pharmacological effects, action mechanisms, and metabolic process in vivo or in vitro of boswellic acids compounds, and providing the reference for the further development and utilization of boswellic acids and medicinal plants in Boswellia Roxb. ex Colebr.
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Daturae Flos (flowers of Datura metel) is recorded by Chinese Pharmacopoeia for its important medicinal property. The most characteristic chemical constituents in Daturae Flos are withanolides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. There are also sesquiterpenoids, phenolic acid, and lignans in it. Daturae Flos has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-itching, cytoprotection, antibacterial effects, antioxidation, and so on. Daturae Flos also has the effect on epithelial cells mitosis and skin keratinization, immune system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system. It is usually used to treat psoriasis, chronic tracheitis, asthma, infantile pneumonia, Parkinson disease, and rheumatism. In this paper, we summarize the chemical composition, pharmacyological effects, and clinical curative effect of Daturae Flos to prompt the development and utilization of them.
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Objective To conduct comparative study on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the acute toxicity of yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine isolated from the processed products of Aconiti Knsnezoffii Radix.Methods The methods of hot plate test and writhing test were used to evaluate the analgesic effect. Anti-inflammation action was observed by the models of auricle swelling caused by dimethylbenzene. LD50 was determined by the method of Bliss.Results Yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine have analgesia effect on the pain caused by hot-plate, but there were no statistically significant difference. The pain caused by acetic acid had obvious analgesic action. High and low dose of yunaconitine could significantly reduce the number of mice body torsion and extend the incubation period of pain in mice. The effect of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine was remarkable only in the high dose. Compared with solvent group, there were little differences in inhibiting effect of auricle swelling caused by dimethylbenzene, and anti-inflammatory action was not exact. The poisonousness of yunaconitine was nearly 20 times of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine.Conclusion Yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine may be the analgesic medicine for peripheral analgesic effect. The poisonousness of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine is less than yunaconitine, the effect is remarkable to the pain caused by acetic acid, and the security is high.